Piaget Of The Infant Cognitive Development Essay - 2140 Words

Background In the context of infant cognitive development and its corresponding theories, Jean Piaget often serves as a key theorist. Often referred to with the metaphor of children as â€Å"explorers,† Piaget believed that children, from the moment of birth, are actively engaging with and exploring their surrounding environment. With his contributions to the psychological field, like his six stages of sensorimotor development, we grasp a better understanding of a child’s first encounters developmentally. One of his most important accounts was on the concept of object permanence. He was able to provide a look into infants’ understanding of the physical world (DeHart, Sroufe, Cooper, p. 168). In order to better understand his account on object permanence however, one must be aware of his six stages of sensorimotor development: â€Å"Reflexes,† â€Å"Primary Circular Reactions,† Secondary Circular Reactions,† Coordination of Schemes,† â€Å"Te rtiary Circular Reactions,† and â€Å"Beginnings of Representational Thought,† which were largely influence through his experiments with his own children. The first stage, â€Å"Reflexes,† occurs from birth to 1 month. During this stage, Piaget asserted, infants are limited to their biological, programmed reflexes. He uses the term reflex in a much more broad sense in that he refers it as â€Å"... any built-in behavior pattern instead of automatic responses to particular stimuli† (DeHart, Sroufe, Cooper, p. 164). These built-in behavior patterns are not onlyShow MoreRelatedCritically examine the contribution of Jean Piaget to our understanding of child development.1321 Words   |  6 PagesJean Piaget to our understanding of child development. Until the mid 1900 s psychologists had no useful theory for explaining how children s minds change as they age. Psychologists interested in this field either has to study it in relation to behaviourism, which e mphasises that children merely receive information from the environment, or in relation to the IQ testing approach, which emphasises individual differences in children s development. However developmental psychologist Jean Piaget bornRead MoreSocio Cultural Theory And Piaget s Cognitive Development Theory1493 Words   |  6 PagesThe two theorists that I have chosen to compare are Vygotsky for his work on the socio-cultural theory and Piaget’s Cognitive Development theory. The socio-cultural theory focuses on how norms, culture, beliefs and values are passed onto the next generation in a society (Berk, 2007). Piaget was the first psychologist to study cognitive development and described his work as genetic epistemology. He was concerned with how essential concepts such as the idea of time, numbers, justice etc. arose (SieglerRead MorePiaget And Vygotsky Theory Of Cognitive Development Essay826 Words   |  4 Pagesconcept of cognitive development and, highlight both Piaget and Vygotsky’s theory as it relates to cognitive development, and the significant differences between them. The term cognitive development refers to the process of growth and change in intellectual, mental abilities such as thinking, reasoning and understanding. It comprises of the acquisition and consolidation of knowledge. Infants draw on social-emotional, language, motor, and perceptual experience and abilities for cognitive developmentRead MoreAre Babies Prewired For Survival Essay768 Words   |  4 Pagesnature vs. nurture, we will discover that babies possess cognitive skill, biological abilities, and physical characteristics that not only allow them to live but to survive in the world as we know it. Answering such questions as: Are newborns able to swim and why do newborns smile back at their parents or react to their mothers’ voice? Babies are born with exactly what it takes to live and communicate their various needs. Beginning with cognitive skill, babies have an innate ability to not only makeRead MoreVygotsky And Vygotsky : Early Childhood Development1683 Words   |  7 Pages Amanda Rezzonico Piaget vs Vygotsky Early Childhood Development Lev Vygotsky and Jean Piaget are known in the educational world. Vygotsky and Piaget were developmental psychologists who had many of the same views and beliefs, but at the same time had opposing views. According to Jean Piaget â€Å"cognitive development was a repetitive reorganization of mental processes that derived from biological maturation in addition to environmental experiences’’ (McLeod, S. A. (2015). The childRead MoreJean Piaget s Theories Of Cognitive Development1360 Words   |  6 Pages Jean Piaget was a Swiss psychologist. He worked in the fields of Developmental Psychology and Epistemology. He’s known for his works and theories in the field of child development. His theories of cognitive development and epistemological views are called, â€Å"genetic epistemology†. Piaget placed the education of children as most important. His works and theories still play a huge role and influence the study of child psychology today. Jean Piaget was born on August 9, 1896 in Neuchatel, SwitzerlandRead MorePiagets Theory of Cognitive Development Essays1715 Words   |  7 PagesJean Piaget (1896-1980) was a Swiss psychologist who had a lifelong interest in how individuals, especially children, use cognitive development to adapt to the world around them. Piaget published his first paper by the age of 10, completed his bachelor’s degree by the age of 18, and at the age of 22 received his PhD from the University of Neuchatel. Piaget spent many years of his life researching the developmental and cognitive knowledge of children. The Theory of Cognitive Development placesRead MoreJean Piaget And His Theory On Cognitive Development1601 Words   |  7 PagesJean Piaget and His Theory on Cognitive Development Jean Piaget is one of the most influential theorists in cognitive development and he argues that children pass through the same sequence of stages when it comes to this developmental domain. This paper will begin with a general overview of Jean Piaget’s beliefs when it comes to children’s cognitive development and the basics of his four stages. Next, an in depth look will be taken at each of the stages followed by defining the Piagetian ideasRead MoreJean Piaget: Theory of Cognitive Development Essay1652 Words   |  7 Pagescontributions to the school of psychology. Jean Piaget was one who made a contribution with his theories on the cognitive development stages. Cognitive development is the process of acquiring intelligence and increasingly advanced thought and problem-solving ability from infancy to adulthood. Piaget states that the mind of a child develops through set stages to adulthood (Famous Biographies TV Shows - Biography.com). The theory of cognitive deve lopment has made a significant impact throughout theRead More Jean Piagets Stages of Cognitive Development Essay1567 Words   |  7 PagesPiagets Stages of Cognitive Development Very briefly describe Piaget’s stages of cognitive development and explain what he meant by saying that young children are egocentric. Use experimental evidence to consider this claim. Cognitive development is what psychologists talk about when discussing a child’s intellectual growth. Jean Piaget (1896 to 1980), a Swiss psychologist developed a theory of cognitive development, which is still much discussed and critiqued

Mental Illness And Its Impact On Youth Essay - 3581 Words

Mental illness and its impact on youth in New Zealand Report by David Mcauley Image one: Contents Page: Introduction.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...................................................page 3 Definition.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....page 3 History and Statistics†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.page 5 Legislation and Policies†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦page 7 Impacts on Young New Zealanders†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..page 9 In Practice†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..page 12 Reflection†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦page 14 Image two: Introduction This report will first define what mental illness is, the distinctive characteristics that this illness places on this diverse population and the various impacts that mental illness has had on young New Zealanders, aged 12 – 18, their families and society. This report will also look at historical evidence of mental illness within New Zealand and relevant statistics and the resulting legislation and policies that look to improve the mental health of all New Zealanders. Lastly I will integrate a social work model to work with young clients with mental illness, whilst looking at the impacts from an ecological and systems theory lens. I will then reflect on my own beliefs around mental illness. Information in this report was gathered both quantitatively, by way of hard, measureable evidence sourced from various statistics and surveys, and qualitatively, through my interview with Dr. Ian Baker who is employed by the Hawkes Bay District Health Board and works directly with youngShow MoreRelatedTragedy of Tormented Teenagers: Mental Illness Hits One in Four1429 Words   |  6 PagesMany young Australians suffer from mental illness and are exposed to serious risk of harm. It is found that more than one in four teenagers suffer a mental illness and most are not identified or treated (Mcdougall, 2013). Mental illness is the largest risk factor that causes suicidal behaviour and serious psychological distress in young people (Australian Government, 2013). According to Mcdougall (2013), the life expectancy for people with mental illness is 15 to 20 year lower than other AustraliansRead MoreThe Link Between Homelessness And Mental Health983 Words   |  4 PagesWhat’s the i ssue? The lack of mental health services available to the mentally-ill and the deinstitutionalization of mental health hospitals have created a public health concern. These issues along with a failed continuum of care plans and a lack of community mental health services have been major contributing factors to homelessness. In addition, the strict guidelines for psychiatric hospitalization are critical when analyzing homelessness. In many cases, only the critically ill are meeting clinicalRead MoreMental Health For The Mentally Ill999 Words   |  4 PagesMental Health Brief What’s the issue? The lack of mental health services available to the mentally-ill and the deinstitutionalization of mental health hospitals have created a public health concern. These issues along with failed continuum of care strategies and a lack of community mental health services are major contributing factors to homelessness. In addition, the strict guidelines for psychiatric hospitalization are critical when analyzing homelessness among the mentally-ill. In many cases,Read MoreMental Illness And Its Effects On Academic Performance916 Words   |  4 Pagesall young persons will deal with mental illness (Shirk and Jungbluth 217). Only around a third of these children will receive professional treatment (United States Public Health Service qtd. in Shirk and Jungbluth 222). Because of the risk of suicide in mentally ill young people, it is crucial that mental health services are readily available to our youth in school settings. Therefore, schools should administer mandatory mental health screenin gs because mental illness often affects academic performanceRead MoreThe Stigma Of Mental Health Care Essay1711 Words   |  7 PagesMental health issues have been an ongoing hot topic in this country for over a century. Though many strides have been made to increase awareness and lessen the stigma, there continues to be a barrier to mental health care, especially for our nations’ youth and young adults. I will be discussing the history behind mental health care, current policies regarding it, how the presence of stigma reduces the likelihood that youth and young adults are receiving the adequate mental health care they requireRead MoreBackground Information . Cheltenham High School (Chs) Serves1546 Words   |  7 Pagessystems, there’s not much information regarding mental health that’s available to teachers and students. This underlying need that has been brewing at Cheltenham High School since the start of the academic school year. Each week at practicum, there are stories of a crisis that had already occurred in relation to mental health. Upon consultation with teachers, staff and school nurse, the theme that consistently popped up was the lack of mental health knowledge or awareness and training to appropriatelyRead MoreEssay On Girl Interrupted1394 Words   |  6 PagesMemoir is a style of life writing with a variety of subgenres intended to impact the world and spread awareness on multiple issues. In â€Å"Memoir† by G. Thomas Couser, an autopathography is defined as a subgenre â€Å"†¦centered on medical conditions and impairments once considered stigmatic† (Couser 43). Essentially, an autopathography tells a story of a life concerning a medical condition and seeks to spread awareness on said condition. â€Å"Girl, Interrupted† by Susanna Kaysen is a memoir telling the storyRead MoreQuestioning The Disorderly1484 Words   |  6 PagesQueer/Questioning) youth end their lives be cause they don’t have the acceptance they deserve. The LGBTQ+ community faces more discrimination, such as hate crimes, bullying and unnecessary judgement, than the average straight or cis-gender person, making it more difficult to cope with mental illness and achieve the American Dream. The American Dream is slightly tainted for those in the LGBTQ+ community, and suffering from a mental illness. Being queer and diagnosed with a mental disorder is a fatalRead MoreCanadas Mental Health System1404 Words   |  6 PagesCanada’ mental health system has struggled to implement compassionate mental health treatment and the persistent problem of stigmatization negatively impacts its development. There are prevailing misconceptions and misunderstanding that result in those with mental illnesses being labelled as â€Å"idiots†, â€Å"imbeciles† and lunatics (Kirby Keon, 2004). Fighting this stigma is of paramount importance to ensure the support of those with men tal illness and enable them to seek the necessary treatment. Read MoreAttention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder1398 Words   |  6 Pagesoverlook some of the mental issues in our peers among us, especially in some school systems. At least 20 percent of youth ages 13 through 18 live with mental illnesses today. A mental illness can be defined as a dysfunction of the brain that causes mild to severe disturbances in thought or behavior, resulting in an inability to coupe with life’s ordinary demands and routines. Overall there are more than 200 classified forms of mental illness. There are some types of mental illness that are more common

Sula by Toni Morrison Free Essays

Sula by Toni Morrison, is a book about a black female and the various events throughout her life. The majority of these events were at the fault of Sula, but because of her past she did not know, or could not understand any better. Sula became the woman that she was because of the people and events that were around her during her childhood. We will write a custom essay sample on Sula by Toni Morrison or any similar topic only for you Order Now When Sula was a child, she grew up faster than most children because of the things that she saw and heard, so it was almost as if she had a loss of childhood. When Sula was only three years old, her father died. Although this may not have had a direct effect on Sula because of how young she was, her mother, Hannah, was left without a husband and with an unquenchable thirst for â€Å"maleness† (Bukisa). This passion for men led to Hannah having many affairs with different men but never building real relationships with them. Sula, being as curious as any child, often watched these interactions, or at least saw the aftereffects of these interactions, and understood that her mother found pleasure in men. Another incident during Sula’s childhood involves her listening in on one of her mother’s conversations. One day Sula heard Hannah tell some other woman that she loved Sula, but that she did not like her. Hannah’s comments about not liking her made Sula begin to think about love. These thoughts of love were her first real interaction with adulthood (Sparknotes). Hearing her mother say this made Sula realize that she could not count on anyone except herself (Begnal). Sula realized that love was not what she thought it was, and it made her feel insecure, but secure at the same time. She knew that her mother would not stop loving her, but that love was not the same thing that she had once believed it to be (Sparknotes). A third traumatic event that occurred during the childhood of Sula was the death of Chicken Little. Sula and Nel were out playing near a lake, when a boy named Chicken Little showed up. Nel teased him, but instead of joining her friend to tease Chicken Little, Sula defended him. Sula then began to swing Chicken Little around playfully. Unfortunately, Sula lost her hold on Chicken Little, and he went flying into the lake and drowned. The death of Chicken Little further drove Sula’s loss of childhood innocence because it showed her how quickly life can be taken (Sparknotes). The immortality that most children believe they have, was then gone from Sula. She never even bothered to tell anyone what she did because, instinctively, she knew that society would misunderstand the incident and blame her for Chicken Little’s death. Another death Sula experienced while growing up was that of her mother, Hannah. Hannah took a nap and dreamt about a red bridal dress. She tried to get her mother, Eva, to interpret the dream for her but before Eva was able to, a young Sula distracted her. Later, Eva looked out her window just in time to see Hannah getting ready to jump into a fire. Eva jumped out of her second story window in order to try to save her daughter, but it was too late. When Eva looked up, she saw Sula standing there, watching everything happen. This event holds extreme significance in Sula’s life transformation into a woman for multiple reasons. First, Sula looked as if she were genuinely interested in the burning of her mother, almost as if she had enjoyed it. She was not concerned with saving her mother, but she just wanted to watch what was going on. Secondly, it made her grandmother resent her, because in some ways she felt that Hannah’s death was Sula’s fault. Because Sula distracted her from interpreting Hannah’s dream, she was unable to stop Hannah from killing herself (Sparknotes). Her grandmother was the only family that she really had left, and because Eva resented her, it forced Sula to grow up even more rapidly. Sula’s relationship with Nel was another major factor in her maturation into a woman. Sula and Nel were like each other’s support systems (Bukisa). Throughout their childhood, Nel always supported Sula and vice versa, even though they were extremely different. Nel was conservative and brought up in a relatively stable home by a proper, lady-like, mother, the way their society expected, while Sula was raised in a home where people constantly came and went, by a mother who slept with different men on various occasions. These two completely different worlds were what drew these two young girls to each other (Bukisa). They were opposite in more than just their upbringing. Sula was rougher and tougher than Nel was, but her emotions were also inconsistent. Nel, on the other hand, was quiet, and normally had a steady emotion (Bukisa). It was as if these two girls were each one half of the same whole, making them inseparable. During their childhood, they shared everything, including boyfriends. All of these factores contributed to Sula’s personality and actions as an adult. Sula as an adult had problems with love, recognizing boundaries, and fitting in. Sula lacked the ability to love because of her family, mainly her mother. Hearing Hanna say that she loved Sula but did not like her made Sula believe that love was something that was forced upon people, instead of a choice. Sula’s personality was much too independent to be forced to do anything, so she decided not to love at all. The closest she ever even came to love was with a man named Ajax, but he eventually left her which did nothing but assure Sula that she should not love. Eva’s resentment of Sula also convinced Sula that love was not an emotion worth pursuing. If her own family could not love her, then there was no reason for her to love anyone, including her family. Her boundaries issue was also caused by her mother, but Nel contributed to it as well. Her mother’s contribution was brought about in the way she slept with the husbands of wives around the community. Seeing her mother have no respect for the bond between a husband and a wife, Sula began to think that it was all right for her to do the same. Sula’s relationship with Nel was a cause of this boundary issue as well. Because Nel and Sula had shared virtually everything throughout their lives, Sula believed that that would never change. She thought that her and Nel’s bond was never going to change no matter what happened or what they shared. This thought process led Sula to sleep with Nel’s husband during a moment of weakness and then act as if everything would be perfectly fine. Once Sula realized that Nel was mad at her she was confused because she thought that they could share anything (Schmoop). Sula’s third issue, of fitting in, was not one that she was too concerned about. Also related to her childhood, Sula had seen that fitting in was not necessarily the â€Å"correct† way to live. Watching her mother as a child, Sula saw that life was completely enjoyable even while living outside what society considered to be acceptable. Sula lived with no regrets and did not care what anyone thought of her. Ten years after leaving home, Sula returned to visit her grandmother ,Eva. During their conversation, Eva brought back memories of Hannah’s death , so Sula put her into a nursing home. Even though society looked upon this action as being cruel, Sula did not see it as being so, and did not care that society did (Sparknotes). As flawed as Sula was, she never surrendered to falseness or fell into the trap of conventionality in order to keep up appearances or to be accepted by the community. As Morrison notes of her, â€Å"She was completely free of ambition, with no affection for money, property or things, no greed, no desire to command attention or compliments ? no ego† (Cliffsnotes). The women of the community hated her particularly because she was living criticism of their own dreadful lives of resignation (Cliffsnotes). She refused to settle for the traditional role that most women in her communtiy had, so they felt threatened and saw Sula as a witch (Begnal). being seen as a witch would bother the average person, but because Sula did not care about fitting in, she simply brushed it off. As an adult she showed less emotion than she did as a child because to her, emotions were just a something to occupy time (Sparknotes). Sula’s transformation into a woman is a remarkable result of her upbringing. The way she let nothing get to her, and did not change for the next person, can all be explained by understanding her adolescence. She was, in a way, a direct result of her environment. From her loss of childhood and her friendship with Nel, came the woman that she was on the day that she died, unbothered. How to cite Sula by Toni Morrison, Papers

Exploration of the Dickens Discourse free essay sample

The relationship of fictive elements and social context in Charles Dickens `Hard Times.` The paper shows that the novel `Hard Times` by Charles Dickens appears after the first reading as a text alarmingly ambivalent, unconventional and unique. The author shows how the text appears to be a documentary of Dickens times, highlighting through literary means not only the polluted texture of the town but the complexity of its inhabitants. We will write a custom essay sample on Exploration of the Dickens Discourse or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The paper discusses the relationship between literature and Social Context in Hard Times and how it is reinforced not only through application of conventional literary tools, but a subtle reworking of elements forming contemporary 19th century literature. The novel Hard Times by Charles Dickens appears after the first reading as a text alarmingly ambivalent. Unconventional and unique, the text appears to be a documentary of his times, highlighting through literary means not only the polluted texture of the town but the complexity of its inhabitants. The relationship between literature and Social Context in Hard Times is reinforced not only through application of conventional literary tools, but a subtle reworking of elements forming contemporary 19th century literature. Dickens novel has often been alluded to as somewhat modernist, and it would seem the most pertinent form to express the depersonalization and dehumanization caused by the excesses of the industrial revolution.